Cream butter and sugars. Cream the butter, granulated sugar, and brown sugar together for 3 minutes until light and fluffy.
Add egg and vanilla. Mix in the egg and vanilla until combined.
Add dry ingredients. Mix in the flour, salt, and baking powder until combined.
Bake and Fill the Rolls:
Roll out the dough. Roll out the dough on a lightly floured surface into a 15x21-inch rectangle.
Spread the filling. Evenly spread the cookie dough mixture over the dough, leaving a 1-inch border at the top clean. Sprinkle the semi-sweet and mini chocolate chips evenly across the filling, then use your hands to press them and secure them to the filling.
Cut and roll. Use a pizza cutter to cut twelve 1 3/4-inch strips. Roll each strip away from you, then carefully transfer them to a parchment-lined or buttered 9x13 baking pan.
Second rise. Cover the pan with plastic wrap and set aside to rise until the rolls double in size, about 1 hour. Meanwhile, preheat the oven to 325°F / 162°C.
Bake. Bake the rolls for 30-40 minutes, until the tops are golden brown and a thermometer inserted at an angle into the center roll reads 170°F.
Make the frosting. While the rolls are baking, combine the butter and cream cheese until smooth. Mix in the powdered sugar. Once combined, whisk in the heavy cream and vanilla until smooth.
Frost and serve. Let the pan cool on a wire cooling rack for 15-20 minutes, then spread the frosting over the tops of the rolls. Serve warm.